The Excavations at Wijnaldum
Reports on Frisia in Roman and Medieval Times, Volume 1
J.C. Besteman, J.M. Bos, D.A. Gerrets, H.A. Heidinga & J. de Koning.
A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam/ Brookfield. 1999
Contents
1. The Wijnaldum excavation: Searching for a central place in Dark Age Frisia
H.A. Heidinga
Heidinga - Searching for a central place in Dark Age Frisia(pdf 18 pp, 762 kb)1. Introduction
2. Why this excavation?
3. How to excavate?
4. Questions to be asked
5. The Background of Wijnaldum
5.1 Who were the Frisians?
5.2 Political power
5.3 Frisian trade
5.4 The Frisian terp region
6. Final remarks
2. Excavation method
D.A. Gerrets
3. The erosion of the Wijnaldum- Tjitsma terp: Aspects of cultural heritage management
JM Bos & D.A. Gerrets
4. The Subatlantic evolution of the coastal area around the Wijnaldum-Tjitsma terp
P.C. Vos with a contribution by B.A.M. Baardman
5. Settlement development on the Wijnaldum-Tjitsma terp
D.A. Gerrets & J. de Koning
6. The vegetation on the terp
W. Groenman-van Waateringe
7. Preliminary notes on crop plants and the natural and anthropogeneous vegetation
JP. Pals
8. The terra sigillata from Wijnaldum-Tjitsma in regional perspective
T.B. Volkers
9. Roman wheelthrown pottery, terra nigra-like bowls and tiles
MC. Galestin
Continuity or discontinuity: Native and Roman metal finds
M Erdrich
10. Roman coins from Wijnaldum
J.P.A. van der Vin
11. The Wijnaldum brooch
J. Schoneveld & 1. Zijlstra
12. Scientific analysis of the gold disc-on-bow brooch
A.J. Nijboer & JE. van Reekum
Chapter online
http://www.lcm.rug.nl/lcm/teksten/teksten_uk/gold_disc_on_bow_brooch_uk.htmSee also:
Bronze die for making box pattern backing foil in cloisonné cells
http://www.lcm.rug.nl/lcm/teksten/teksten_uk/wijnaldum_die_uk.htm
13. Medieval coins from Wijnaldum
A. Pal
14. The glass vessel finds
Y. Sablerolles
15. Beads of glass, faience, amber, baked clay and metal, including production waste from glass and amber bead making
Y. Sablerolles
16. Scientific analysis of the glass and the glass-bearing artefacts: Technique, raw materials used and Archaeological interpretation
J. Henderson
17. The leather finds
W. Groenman-van Waateringe
18. The human burials
A.G.F.M. Cuijpers, CM. Haverkort, J.M. Pasveer & W. Prummel
19. DNA analysis of the human remains
M.B. Richards, I.B. Colson, J.F. Bailey,R.E.M. Hedges & B.C. Sykes
20. Conclusions
D.A. Gerrets
Gerrits - The Excavations at Wijnaldum - Conclusions (pdf 15 pp, 129 kb)1. The landscape
2. Settlement development
3. The significance of agrarian production
4. Craft production
5. Careful use of resources
6. Wijnaldum-Tjitsma and its contacts with the outside world
7. Burial and other ritual practices
8. The major issues
9. Continuity or discontinuity in the occupation of the terp region: a hot debate in Dutch archaeology
10. The origin of the new inhabitants
11. Socio-political importance of Wijnaldum-Tjitsma and its inhabitants
12. Future research
The string of terps east of Wijnaldum
Tjitsma with in red the excavated area
Two models illustrating the major change on the terp Wijnaldum-Tjitsma before and after the period of desertion.
Source: A Carmiggelt (2000) "De 'Koningsterp' van Wijnaldum
The Frisian trade in the Dark Ages; a Frisian or a Frankish/Frisian trade?
Stéphane Lebecq 1992. In: Carmiggelt, A.,(ed). Rotterdam Papers VII, pp. 7-15
Lebecq - The Frisian trade in the Dark Ages
(pdf 13pp, 238kb)
Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons
Seán McGrail (ed), CBA Research Report No 71 (1990)
Archaeology Data Service (ADS) http://tinyurl.com/y59mqp
11. On the use of the word Frisian in the 6th-10th centuries written sources: some interpretations
Stephane Lebecq (pp 85-90)
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/cbaresrep/pdf/071/07111001.pdf
(pdf 6 pp. 235 kb)
As they appear in the 6th-10th centuries written sources, the name and adjective ‘Frisian’ raise a question among historians of the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages: were the so-called Frisian merchants, Frisian seamen, Frisian-shaped ships, Frisian Sea, Frisian clothes … really Frisian? If not, what were they? This paper examines written sources and other evidence from the 6th-10th centuries in an attempt to answer such questions
12. The Frisian monopoly of coastal transport in the 6th-8th centuries AD
by D Ellmers (pp 91-92)
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/cbaresrep/pdf/071/07112001.pdf
(pdf 2 pp, 41 kb)
On their way west the Slavonic tribes at c AD 560 interrupted the transcontinen-tal trading routes which led from Byzantium via the eastern parts of middle Europe to Scandinavia. From that time on the only trade connection between Scandinavia and the Mediterranean was maintained by the Frisians who, in their coastal vessels, sailed cargo from England as well as from the Merovingian empire along their shores to Scandinavia, and vice versa. This paper deals with this monopoly situation of Frisian trade.
Runes around the North Sea and on The Continent AD 150-700; Texts & Contexts
by J.H. Looijenga
http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/arts/1997/j.h.looijenga/
pp. 33- 38
II. History, Archaeology and Runes
9. The Netherlands
Looijenga - Runes around the north Sea II.9
Kingdoms around the North Sea in the Early Middle ages
